# must fail: fetch_OPf_dispatched fetch_OPe_dispatched fetch_OPw_dispatched fetch_OPf_listed_not_layer fetch_OPw_listed_not_layer union_OPw
# a payload carrying refines is taken for a layer (head::Head::is_layer)
diff --git a/wai/wai-rs/src/http_binding/head.rs b/wai/wai-rs/src/http_binding/head.rs
index 97ff1fac..d5f6339e 100644
--- a/wai/wai-rs/src/http_binding/head.rs
+++ b/wai/wai-rs/src/http_binding/head.rs
@@ -164,6 +164,6 @@ impl Head {
     /// ordinary object: SPEC §4 dispatches it, and `refines` is not read there.
     pub fn is_layer(&self) -> bool {
         self.version == Version::Wai1
-            && self.manifest_v1().is_ok_and(|m| crate::codecs::is_refinement_only(&m.model_requirement.capability))
+            && self.manifest_v1().is_ok_and(|m| m.refines.is_some() || crate::codecs::is_refinement_only(&m.model_requirement.capability))
     }
 }