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C2PA 2.4 added `c2pa.environmental-sustainability`, carrying `energy_kwh` per ISO/IEC TR 20226:2025. The dominant signed-provenance container in media now has a slot for joules — and nothing behind it. Verified against the spec text: the figure is self-declared, `measurementMethod` is optional, and it is not bound to any reproducible output. A validator can check every signature in a manifest and still not know where the number came from or what it was measured over. This fills the slot rather than replacing it: the standard assertion is emitted for interoperability, with a companion carrying the three things it cannot express. The load-bearing one is the binding. `reconstructionHash` is the SHA-256 of the canonical decoded pixels — the same digest `reconstruction_binding` commits to, so two assertions in one manifest name the same decode by construction and a manifest whose digests disagree is self-refuting. Because a WAI reconstruction is byte-exact on every architecture, a verifier can re-decode, confirm the figure is about *those* bytes, recompute `workUnits` from the descriptor rather than trusting it, and re-derive the rate — leaving exactly one unverifiable term, the joules. That is the point and also the honest limit: the extension says plainly that a binding does NOT prove the figure. An energy claim about an output nobody can reproduce is not checkable at all; one about an output anyone can reproduce is checkable except for a single number, and knowing which number that is, is the whole difference. The other two: an acquisition class (`HwShunt`/`ModelBased`/`Estimator`) because a counter reading and a modelled constant are different claims occupying the same field in the standard assertion; and a coverage statement, because a partial reading is not wrong but presenting it as a total is. Deliberate refusals: - A zero measurement is rejected, not recorded. A decode that measured 0 uJ did not consume nothing; it failed to measure, and the honest artifact is the absence of an energy assertion. - `method` is required, where the standard leaves `measurementMethod` optional — which is exactly the field that stays empty in practice. - `carbon_kgco2e` and `water_litres` are NOT emitted. Deriving them from an energy figure and a grid-average factor, then placing them beside a measured joule figure in one assertion with no per-field provenance, is precisely how a model comes to be read as a measurement. Integer microjoules are authoritative and `energy_kwh` is derived: one microjoule is 2.8e-13 kWh, so an image decode lands near 1e-9 kWh, where the float's trailing digits are conversion artifacts. The first draft of the unit test asserted that magnitude from memory and was wrong by two orders; it now asserts against computed arithmetic, and the comment says why. Verified: 76 wai-rs tests pass under `--features provenance` (6 new), no clippy warnings in the new file, extension linked from SPEC.md beside its sibling. |
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| .. | ||
| avatars.md | ||
| confidentiality.md | ||
| determinism-tiers.md | ||
| energy-binding.md | ||
| energy-measurement.md | ||
| haptics.md | ||
| interactive-worlds.md | ||
| jwp-receipts.md | ||
| linear-film.md | ||
| provenance.md | ||
| quantum-ops.md | ||
| quantum-sim.md | ||
| reconstruction-binding.md | ||
| score.md | ||
| spatial-audio.md | ||
| state-feeds.md | ||
| ternary-tt.md | ||
| volumetric.md | ||