open-standards/wai/quantum-conformance/qasm3/bundle.json

{
  "format": "wai.qasm3-conformance-bundle/1",
  "about": "manifest.json's cases with each program's text inline, for builds that read no files (the browser, the edge); a test holds it equal to the files",
  "cases": [
    {
      "file": "spec/adder.qasm",
      "qasm": "/*\n * quantum ripple-carry adder\n * Cuccaro et al, quant-ph/0410184\n */\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n\ngate majority a, b, c {\n    cx c, b;\n    cx c, a;\n    ccx a, b, c;\n}\n\ngate unmaj a, b, c {\n    ccx a, b, c;\n    cx c, a;\n    cx a, b;\n}\n\nqubit[1] cin;\nqubit[4] a;\nqubit[4] b;\nqubit[1] cout;\nbit[5] ans;\nuint[4] a_in = 1;  // a = 0001\nuint[4] b_in = 15; // b = 1111\n// initialize qubits\nreset cin;\nreset a;\nreset b;\nreset cout;\n\n// set input states\nfor uint i in [0: 3] {\n  if(bool(a_in[i])) x a[i];\n  if(bool(b_in[i])) x b[i];\n}\n// add a to b, storing result in b\nmajority cin[0], b[0], a[0];\nfor uint i in [0: 2] { majority a[i], b[i + 1], a[i + 1]; }\ncx a[3], cout[0];\nfor uint i in [2: -1: 0] { unmaj a[i],b[i+1],a[i+1]; }\nunmaj cin[0], b[0], a[0];\nmeasure b[0:3] -> ans[0:3];\nmeasure cout[0] -> ans[4];\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "10000"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/alignment.qasm",
      "qasm": "/* CPMG XY4 decoupling\n * This example demonstrates the use of stretch to\n * specify design intent on gate alignment, without\n * being tied to physical qubits and gates.\n*/\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n\nstretch g;\n\nqubit[3] q;\nbarrier q;\ncx q[0], q[1];\ndelay[g] q[2];\nU(pi/4, 0, pi/2) q[2];\ndelay[2*g] q[2];\nbarrier q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "warns": [
          "Q403"
        ],
        "timing": true,
        "distribution": {
          "000": 0.8535533905932737,
          "100": 0.14644660940672624
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/arrays.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.0;  // Version statement is optional\n\n// ==================\n// Array declarations\n// ==================\n\n// Declare 'my_ints' to be a 1D array of 8-bit signed integers, where the index\n// runs from 0 to 15.\narray[int[8], 16] my_ints;\n\n// Declare 'my_doubles' to be a 2D array of double-precision floating-point\n// values, where the first index runs from 0 to 7 and the second from 0 to 3.\narray[float[64], 8, 4] my_doubles;\n\n// Initialise a 1D array with fixed values.\narray[uint[32], 4] my_defined_uints = {5, 6, 7, 8};\n\n// Initialise a 2D array with fixed values.\narray[float[32], 4, 2] my_defined_floats = {\n    {0.5, 0.5},\n    {1.0, 2.0},\n    {-0.4, 0.7},\n    {1.3, -2.1e-2}\n};\n\n// Initialise an array using a row of another array.  Note that this copies the\n// data; changes to the values in `my_defined_float_row` will not affect\n// `my_defined_floats`.\narray[float[32], 2] my_defined_float_row = my_defined_floats[0];\n\n// Arrays can be defined in terms of compile-time constant dimension sizes, and\n// can use expressions in the slots of their initialisers.\nconst uint[8] DIM_SIZE = 2;\narray[int[8], DIM_SIZE, DIM_SIZE] all_ones = {{2+3, 4-1}, {3+8, 12-4}};\n\n\n// =============================\n// Array indexing and operations\n// =============================\n\n// Use `[]` notation to access array elements.  The dimensions are\n// comma-separated.\nuint[8] a = my_defined_uints[0];\nfloat[32] b = my_defined_floats[2, 1];\n\n// The same notation is used in simple assignments.\nmy_defined_uints[1] = 5;\nmy_defined_floats[3, 0] = -0.45;\n\n// In both, the indices can be (non-constant) expressions.\nmy_defined_uints[a - 1] = a + 1;\n\n// Assignments can also be done using an array, or array slice, on the left-hand\n// side, provided the right-hand side evaluates to an array of exactly the same\n// shape.  The assignment is done by copy, so subsequent changes to either of\n// the two parts will not affect the other.\nmy_defined_floats[2] = my_defined_float_row;\n\n// You can also use the slice notation to set elements.  Beware that it is\n// generally a logical error to read and write from overlapping slices at the\n// same time, and that OpenQASM 3 makes no guarantees about which order the data\n// will be read from and written to.  You might clobber data if you overlap.\nmy_defined_floats[0:1] = my_defined_floats[2:3];\n\n// The ``sizeof`` operator returns the size of an array's dimension.\nconst uint[32] dimension = sizeof(my_defined_uints);  // assigns 4.\n\n// The ``sizeof`` operator can also be used in two-argument form, where the\n// second argument is the index of the dimension, counting from 0.\nconst uint[32] first_dimension = sizeof(my_doubles, 0);  // returns 8\nconst uint[32] second_dimension = sizeof(my_doubles, 1);  // returns 4\n\n// If the second argument is omitted from ``sizeof`` and the given array is\n// multi-dimensional, it defaults to returning the first dimension, so\n// ``sizeof(my_array) == sizeof(my_array, 0)`` in all circumstances.\nconst uint[32] first_dimension = sizeof(my_doubles);  // still 8.\n\n\n// =====================\n// Arrays in subroutines\n// =====================\n\n// Array arguments have a mandatory ``readonly`` or ``mutable`` specifier when\n// defined in a subroutine argument list.  This is because arrays are passed to\n// subroutines by reference, not by value, so modifications will propagate back\n// to the original data.  Such modifications are only allowed for ``mutable``\n// references, not ``readonly``.\ndef copy_3_bytes(readonly array[uint[8], 3] in_array, mutable array[uint[8], 3] out_array) {\n    // Within this block, ``in_array`` can be read from, but not written to,\n    // whereas ``out_array`` can be both read from and written to.\n}\n\n// When specifying array subroutine parameters, there is a second format where\n// the sizes of the dimensions are not given explicitly, only the number of\n// dimensions.  This is where the ``sizeof`` operator is most useful.  In these\n// cases, `sizeof` is _not_ a compile-time constant.\ndef multi_dimensional_input(readonly array[int[32], #dim=3] my_array) {\n    uint[32] dimension_0 = sizeof(my_array, 0);\n    uint[32] dimension_1 = sizeof(my_array, 1);\n    uint[32] dimension_2 = sizeof(my_array, 2);\n}\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q107"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/cphase.qasm",
      "qasm": "gate cphase(θ) a, b\n{\n  U(0, 0, θ / 2) a;\n  CX a, b;\n  U(0, 0, -θ / 2) b;\n  CX a, b;\n  U(0, 0, θ / 2) b;\n}\ncphase(π / 2) q[0], q[1];\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q102"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/dd.qasm",
      "qasm": "/* CPMG XY4 decoupling w/ boxing\n * This example demonstrates the use of referential delays\n * and time alignment.\n*/\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n\nstretch a;\nduration start_stretch = -0.5 * durationof({x $0;}) + a;\nduration middle_stretch = -0.5 * durationof({x $0;}) - 5 * durationof({y $0;}) + a;\nduration end_stretch = -0.5 * durationof({y $0;}) + a;\n\nbox {\n  delay[start_stretch] $0;\n  x $0;\n  delay[middle_stretch] $0;\n  y $0;\n  delay[middle_stretch] $0;\n  x $0;\n  delay[middle_stretch] $0;\n  y $0;\n  delay[end_stretch] $0;\n\n  cx $2, $3;\n  cx $1, $2;\n  u $3;\n}\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q405"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/defcal.qasm",
      "qasm": "defcalgrammar \"openpulse\";\n\ndefcal x $0 {\n   play drive($0), gaussian(...);\n}\n\ndefcal x $1 {\n  play drive($1), gaussian(...);\n}\n\ndefcal rz(angle[20] theta) q {\n  shift_phase drive(q), -theta;\n}\n\ndefcal measure $0 -> bit {\n  complex[int[24]] iq;\n  bit state;\n  complex[int[12]] k0[1024] = [i0 + q0*j, i1 + q1*j, i2 + q2*j, ...];\n  play measure($0), flat_top_gaussian(...);\n  iq = capture acquire($0), 2048, extern(k0);\n  return threshold(iq, 1234);\n}\n\ndefcal zx90_ix $0, $1 {\n  play drive($0, \"cr1\"), flat_top_gaussian(...);  // uses a non-default\n                                                  // frame labeled \"cr1\"\n}\n\ndefcal cx $0, $1 {\n  zx90_ix $0, $1;\n  x $0;\n  shift_phase drive($0, \"cr1\");\n  zx90_ix $0, $1;\n  x $0;\n  x $1;\n}\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q100"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/gateteleport.qasm",
      "qasm": "// Repetition code gate teleportation\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n\n// declarations\nconst int[32] n = 3;\nextern vote(bit[n]) -> bit;\n\ndef logical_meas(qubit[3] d) -> bit {\n    bit[3] c;\n    bit r;\n    measure d -> c;\n    r = vote(c);\n    return r;\n}\n\nqubit[3] q;\nqubit[3] a;\nbit r;\n\n// prep magic state\nrz(pi/4) a;\n\n// entangle two logical registers\ncx q, a;\n\n// measure out the ancilla\nr = logical_meas(a);\n\n// if we get a logical |1> then we need to apply a logical Z correction\nif (r == 1) z q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q125"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/inverseqft1.qasm",
      "qasm": "// QFT and measure, version 1\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n\nqubit[4] q;\nbit[4] c;\nreset q;\nh q;\nbarrier q;\nh q[0];\nc[0] = measure q[0];\nif(int[4](c) == 1) { rz(pi / 2) q[1]; }\nh q[1];\nc[1] = measure q[1];\nif(int[4](c) == 1){ rz(pi / 4) q[2]; }\nif(int[4](c) == 2){ rz(pi / 2) q[2]; }\nif(int[4](c) == 3){ rz(pi / 2 + pi / 4) q[2]; }\nh q[2];\nc[2] = measure q[2];\nif(int[4](c) == 1) rz(pi / 8) q[3];\nif(int[4](c) == 2) rz(pi / 4) q[3];\nif(int[4](c) == 3) rz(pi/4+pi/8) q[3];\nif(int[4](c) == 4) rz(pi / 2) q[3];\nif(int[4](c) == 5) rz(pi / 2 + pi / 8) q[3];\nif(int[4](c) == 6) rz(pi / 2+ pi / 4) q[3];\nif(int[4](c) == 7) rz(pi / 2 + pi / 4 + pi / 8) q[3];\nh q[3];\nc[3] = measure q[3];\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "0000"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/inverseqft2.qasm",
      "qasm": "// QFT and measure, version 2\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n\nqubit[4] q;\nbit c0;\nbit c1;\nbit c2;\nbit c3;\n\nreset q;\nh q;\nbarrier q;\nh q[0];\nmeasure q[0] -> c0;\nif(c0 == 1) { rz(pi / 2) q[1]; }\nh q[1];\nmeasure q[1] -> c1;\nif(c0==1) { rz(pi / 4) q[2]; }\nif(c1==1) { rz(pi / 2) q[2]; }\nh q[2];\nmeasure q[2] -> c2;\nif(c0 == 1) { rz(pi / 8) q[3]; }\nif(c1 == 1) { rz(pi / 4) q[3]; }\nif(c2 == 1) { rz(pi / 2) q[3]; }\nh q[3];\nmeasure q[3] -> c3;\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "0000"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/ipe.qasm",
      "qasm": "/*\n * Iterative phase estimation\n */\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n\nconst int[32] n = 10;          // number of iterations\nconst float[32] theta = 3 * pi / 8;  // phase angle on target qubit\n\nqubit q;    // phase estimation qubit\nqubit r;    // target qubit for the controlled-unitary gate\nangle[n] c; // phase estimation bits\n\n// initialize\nreset q;\nreset r;\n\n// prepare uniform superposition of eigenvectors of phase\nh r;\n\n// iterative phase estimation loop\nuint[n] power = 1;\nfor uint i in [0: n - 1] {  // implicitly cast val to int\n  reset q;\n  h q;\n  ctrl @ pow(power) @ phase(theta) q, r;\n  inv @ phase(c) q;\n  h q;\n  measure q -> c[0];\n  // newest measurement outcome is associated to a pi/2 phase shift\n  // in the next iteration, so shift all bits of c left\n  c <<= 1;\n  power <<= 1;\n}\n\n// Now c contains the n-bit estimate of phi in the\n// eigenvalue e^{i*phi} and qreg r is projected to an\n// approximate eigenstate of the phase gate.\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q128"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/msd.qasm",
      "qasm": "/*\n * Magic state distillation and computation\n */\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n\nconst int[32] buffer_size = 6;  // size of magic state buffer\n\n// Y-basis measurement\ndef ymeasure(qubit q) -> bit {\n  s q;\n  h q;\n  return measure q;\n}\n\n/*\n * Distillation subroutine takes 10 |H> magic states\n * and 3 scratch qubits that will be reinitialized.\n * The first two input magic states are the outputs.\n * The subroutine returns a success bit that is true\n * on success and false otherwise (see arXiv:1811.00566).\n */\ndef distill(qubit[10] magic, qubit[3] scratch) -> bool {\n  bit temp;\n  bit[3] checks;\n  // Encode two magic states in the [[4,2,2]] code\n  reset scratch[0: 1];\n  h scratch[1];\n  cx scratch[1], magic[0];\n  cx magic[1], scratch[0];\n  cx magic[0], scratch[0];\n  cx scratch[1], magic[1];\n  // Body of distillation circuit\n  cy magic[2], scratch[0];\n  h magic[1];\n  temp = ymeasure(magic[2]);\n  if(temp == 1) { ry(-pi / 2) scratch[0]; }\n  reset scratch[2];\n  h scratch[2];\n  cz scratch[2], scratch[0];\n  cy magic[3], scratch[0];\n  temp = ymeasure(magic[3]);\n  if(temp==0) { ry(pi / 2) scratch[0]; }\n  h scratch[0];\n  s scratch[0];\n  cy magic[4], scratch[1];\n  temp = ymeasure(magic[4]);\n  if(temp==1) { ry(-pi / 2) scratch[1]; }\n  cz scratch[3], scratch[2];\n  cy magic[5], scratch[1];\n  temp = ymeasure(magic[5]);\n  if(temp==0) { ry(pi / 2) scratch[1]; }\n  cy scratch[0], magic[1];\n  inv @ s scratch[1];\n  cz scratch[0], scratch[1];\n  h scratch[0];\n  cy scratch[1], magic[1];\n  cy magic[6], scratch[0];\n  temp = ymeasure(magic[6]);\n  if(temp == 1) { ry(-pi / 2) scratch[0]; }\n  cz scratch[2], scratch[1];\n  cz scratch[2], scratch[0];\n  cy magic[7], scratch[0];\n  temp = ymeasure(magic[7]);\n  if(temp == 0) ry(pi / 2) scratch[0];\n  cy magic[8], scratch[1];\n  temp = ymeasure(magic[8]);\n  if(temp==1) { ry(-pi / 2) scratch[1]; }\n  cz scratch[2], scratch[1];\n  cy magic[9], scratch[1];\n  temp = ymeasure(magic[9]);\n  if(temp == 0) { ry(pi / 2) scratch[1]; }\n  h scratch[2];\n  // Decode [[4,2,2]] code\n  cx magic[0], scratch[0];\n  cx scratch[1], magic[1];\n  cx magic[1], scratch[0];\n  cx scratch[1], magic[0];\n  h scratch[1];\n  checks = measure scratch;\n  success = ~(bool(checks[0]) | bool(checks[1]) | bool(checks[2]));\n  return success;\n}\n\n// Repeat level-0 distillation until success\ndef rus_level_0(qubit[10] magic, qubit[3] scratch) {\n  bool success;\n  while(~success) {\n    reset magic;\n    ry(pi / 4) magic;\n    success = distill(magic, scratch);\n  }\n}\n\n/*\n * Run two levels of 10:2 magic state distillation.\n * Both levels have two distillations running in parallel.\n * The output pairs from the first level are separated and\n * input to different second levels distillation circuits\n * because a failure in a first level circuit can lead to\n * errors on both outputs.\n * Put the requested even number of copies into the buffer.\n */\ndef distill_and_buffer(int[32] num, qubit[33] work, qubit[buffer_size] buffer) {\n  int[32] index;\n  bit success_0;\n  bit success_1;\n  let magic_lvl0 = work[0: 9];\n  let magic_lvl1_0 = work[10: 19];\n  let magic_lvl1_1 = work[20: 29];\n  let scratch = work[30: 32];\n\n  // Run first-level circuits until 10 successes,\n  // storing the outputs for use in the second level\n  for uint i in [0: 9] {\n    rus_level_0 magic_lvl0, scratch;\n    swap magic_lvl0[0], magic_lvl1_0[i];\n    swap magic_lvl0[1], magic_lvl1_1[i];\n  }\n\n  // Run two second level circuits simultaneously\n  success_0 = distill(magic_lvl1_0, scratch);\n  success_1 = distill(magic_lvl1_1, scratch);\n\n  // Move usable magic states into the buffer register\n  if(success_0 && index < buffer_size) {\n    swap magic_lvl1_0[0: 1], buffer[index: index + 1];\n    index += 2;\n  }\n  if(success_1 && index < buffer_size) {\n    swap magic_lvl1_1[0: 1], buffer[index: index + 1];\n    index += 2;\n  }\n}\n\n// Apply Ry(pi/4) to a qubit by consuming a magic state\n// from the magic state buffer at address \"addr\"\ndef Ty(int[32] addr, qubit q, qubit[buffer_size] buffer) {\n  bit outcome;\n  cy buffer[addr], q;\n  outcome = ymeasure(buffer[addr]);\n  if(outcome == 1) ry(pi / 2) q;\n}\n\nqubit[33] workspace;\nqubit[buffer_size] buffer;\n\nqubit[5] q;\nbit[5] c;\nint[32] address;\n\n// initialize\nreset workspace;\nreset buffer;\nreset q;\n\ndistill_and_buffer(buffer_size) workspace, buffer;\n\n// Consume magic states to apply some gates ...\nh q[0];\ncx q[0], q[1];\nTy(address) q[0], buffer;\naddress += 1;\ncx q[0], q[1];\nTy(address) q[1], buffer;\naddress += 1;\n\n// In principle each Ty gate can execute as soon as the magic\n// state is available at the address in the buffer register.\n\n// We can continue alternating state distillation and computation\n// to refill and empty a circular buffer.\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q107"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/qec.qasm",
      "qasm": "// Repetition code syndrome measurement\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n\nqubit[3] q;\nqubit[2] a;\nbit[3] c;\nbit[2] syn;\n\ndef syndrome(qubit[3] d, qubit[2] a) -> bit[2] {\n  bit[2] b;\n  cx d[0], a[0];\n  cx d[1], a[0];\n  cx d[1], a[1];\n  cx d[2], a[1];\n  measure a -> b;\n  return b;\n}\nreset q;\nreset a;\nx q[0]; // insert an error\nbarrier q;\nsyn = syndrome(q, a);\nif(int[2](syn)==1) x q[0];\nif(int[2](syn)==2) x q[2];\nif(int[2](syn)==3) x q[1];\nc = measure q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "01000"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/qft.qasm",
      "qasm": "// quantum Fourier transform\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nqubit[4] q;\nbit[4] c;\nreset q;\nx q[0];\nx q[2];\nbarrier q;\nh q[0];\ncphase(pi / 2) q[1], q[0];\nh q[1];\ncphase(pi / 4) q[2], q[0];\ncphase(pi / 2) q[2], q[1];\nh q[2];\ncphase(pi / 8) q[3], q[0];\ncphase(pi / 4) q[3], q[1];\ncphase(pi / 2) q[3], q[2];\nh q[3];\nc = measure q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "distribution": {
          "0000": 0.0625,
          "0001": 0.0625,
          "0010": 0.0625,
          "0011": 0.0625,
          "0100": 0.0625,
          "0101": 0.0625,
          "0110": 0.0625,
          "0111": 0.0625,
          "1000": 0.0625,
          "1001": 0.0625,
          "1010": 0.0625,
          "1011": 0.0625,
          "1100": 0.0625,
          "1101": 0.0625,
          "1110": 0.0625,
          "1111": 0.0625
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/qpt.qasm",
      "qasm": "include \"stdgates.inc\";\n\ngate pre q { }   // pre-rotation\ngate post q { }  // post-rotation\n\nqubit q;\nbit c;\nreset q;\npre q;\nbarrier q;\nh q;\nbarrier q;\npost q;\nc = measure q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "distribution": {
          "0": 0.5,
          "1": 0.5
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/rb.qasm",
      "qasm": "// One randomized benchmarking sequence\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n\nqubit[2] q;\nbit[2] c;\n\nreset q;\nh q[0];\nbarrier q;\ncz q[0], q[1];\nbarrier q;\ns q[0];\ncz q[0], q[1];\nbarrier q;\ns q[0];\nz q[0];\nh q[0];\nbarrier q;\nmeasure q -> c;\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "00"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/rus.qasm",
      "qasm": "/*\n * Repeat-until-success circuit for Rz(theta),\n * cos(theta-pi)=3/5, from Nielsen and Chuang, Chapter 4.\n */\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n\n/*\n * Applies identity if out is 01, 10, or 11 and a Z-rotation by\n * theta + pi where cos(theta)=3/5 if out is 00.\n * The 00 outcome occurs with probability 5/8.\n */\ndef segment(qubit[2] anc, qubit psi) -> bit[2] {\n  bit[2] b;\n  reset anc;\n  h anc;\n  ccx anc[0], anc[1], psi;\n  s psi;\n  ccx anc[0], anc[1], psi;\n  z psi;\n  h anc;\n  measure anc -> b;\n  return b;\n}\n\nqubit input_qubit;\nqubit[2] ancilla;\nbit[2] flags = \"11\";\nbit output_qubit;\n\nreset input_qubit;\nh input_qubit;\n\n// braces are optional in this case\nwhile(int[2](flags) != 0) {\n  flags = segment(ancilla, input_qubit);\n}\nrz(pi - arccos(3 / 5)) input_qubit;\nh input_qubit;\noutput_qubit = measure input_qubit;  // should get zero\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q310"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/scqec.qasm",
      "qasm": "/*\n * Surface code quantum memory.\n *\n * Estimate the failure probability as a function\n * of parameters at the top of the file.\n */\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n\nconst int[32] d = 3;         // code distance\nconst int[32] m = 10;        // number of syndrome measurement cycles\nconst int[32] shots = 1000;  // number of samples\nconst int[32] n = d**2;      // number of code qubits\n\nuint[32] failures;  // number of observed failures\n\nextern zfirst(creg[n - 1], int[32], int[32]);\nextern send(creg[n -1 ], int[32], int[32], int[32]);\nextern zlast(creg[n], int[32], int[32]) -> bit;\n\nqubit[n] data;  // code qubits\nqubit[n-1] ancilla;  // syndrome qubits\n/*\n * Ancilla are addressed in a (d-1) by (d-1) square array\n * followed by 4 length (d-1)/2 arrays for the top,\n * bottom, left, and right boundaries.\n */\n\nbit[n-1] layer;  // syndrome outcomes in a cycle\nbit[n] data_outcomes;  // data outcomes at the end\nbit outcome;  // logical outcome\n\n/* Declare a sub-circuit for Hadamard gates on ancillas\n */\ndef hadamard_layer(qubit[n-1] ancilla) {\n  // Hadamards in the bulk\n  for uint[32] row in [0: d-2] {\n    for uint[32] col in [0: d-2] {\n      bit[32] sum = bit[32](row + col);\n      if(sum[0] == 1)\n        h ancilla[row * (d - 1) + col];\n    }\n  }\n  // Hadamards on the left and right boundaries\n  for uint[32] i in [0: d - 2] {\n    h ancilla[(d - 1)**2 + (d - 1) + i];\n  }\n}\n\n/* Declare a sub-circuit for a syndrome cycle.\n */\ndef cycle(qubit[n] data, qubit[n-1] ancilla) -> bit[n-1] {\n  reset ancilla;\n  hadamard_layer ancilla;\n\n  // First round of CNOTs in the bulk\n  for uint[32] row in [0: d - 2] {\n    for uint[32] col in [0:d - 2] {\n      bit[32] sum = bit[32](row + col);\n      if(sum[0] == 0)\n        cx data[row * d + col], ancilla[row * (d - 1) + col];\n      if(sum[0] == 1) {\n        cx ancilla[row * (d - 1) + col], data[row * d + col];\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  // First round of CNOTs on the bottom boundary\n  for uint[32] i in [0: (d - 3) / 2] {\n    cx data[d * (d - 1) + 2 * i], ancilla[(d - 1) ** 2 + ( d- 1) / 2 + i];\n  }\n  // First round of CNOTs on the right boundary\n  for uint[32] i in [0: (d - 3) / 2] {\n    cx ancilla[(d - 1) ** 2 + 3 * (d - 1) / 2 + i], data[2 * d - 1 + 2 * d * i];\n  }\n  // Remaining rounds of CNOTs, go here ...\n\n  hadamard_layer ancilla;\n  return measure ancilla;\n}\n\n// Loop over shots\nfor uint[32] shot in [1: shots] {\n\n  // Initialize\n  reset data;\n  layer = cycle(data, ancilla);\n  zfirst(layer, shot, d);\n\n  // m cycles of syndrome measurement\n  for int[32] i in [1: m] {\n    layer = cycle(data, ancilla);\n    send(layer, shot, i, d);\n  }\n\n  // Measure\n  data_outcomes = measure data;\n\n  outcome = zlast(data_outcomes, shot, d);\n  failures += int[1](outcome);\n}\n\n/* The ratio of \"failures\" to \"shots\" is our result.\n * The data can be logged by the external functions too.\n */\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q125"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/t1.qasm",
      "qasm": "/* Measuring the relaxation time of a qubit\n * This example demonstrates the repeated use of fixed delays.\n*/\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n\nduration stride = 1us;            // time resolution of points taken\nconst int[32] points = 50;              // number of points taken\nconst int[32] shots = 1000;             // how many shots per point\n\nint[32] counts0;\nint[32] counts1 = 0;   // surviving |1> populations of qubits\n\nextern tabulate(int[32], int[32], int[32]);\n\nbit c0;\nbit c1;\n\ndefcalgrammar \"openpulse\";\n\n// define a gate calibration for an X gate on any qubit\ndefcal x q {\n   play drive(q), gaussian(100, 30, 5);\n}\n\nfor int[32] p in [0 : points-1] {\n    for uint i in [1 : shots] {\n        // start of a basic block\n        reset $0;\n        reset $1;\n        // excite qubits\n        x $0;\n        x $1;\n        // wait for a fixed time indicated by loop counter\n        delay[p * stride] $0;\n        // wait for a fixed time indicated by loop counters\n        delay[p * durationof({x $1;})];\n        // read out qubit states\n        c0 = measure $0;\n        c1 = measure $1;\n        // increment counts memories, if a 1 is seen\n        counts0 += int[1](c0);\n        counts1 += int[1](c1);\n    }\n    // log survival probability curve\n    tabulate(counts0, shots, p);\n    tabulate(counts1, shots, p);\n}\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q405"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/teleport.qasm",
      "qasm": "// quantum teleportation example\nOPENQASM 3; // Version statement is optional\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nqubit[3] q;\nbit c0;\nbit c1;\nbit c2;\n// optional post-rotation for state tomography\n// empty gate body => identity gate\ngate post q { }\nreset q;\nU(0.3, 0.2, 0.1) q[0];\nh q[1];\ncx q[1], q[2];\nbarrier q;\ncx q[0], q[1];\nh q[0];\nc0 = measure q[0];\nc1 = measure q[1];\nif(c0==1) z q[2];\nif(c1==1) { x q[2]; }  // braces optional in this case\npost q[2];\nc2 = measure q[2];\n",
      "expect": {
        "expectations": {
          "Z2": 0.955336489125606
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/varteleport.qasm",
      "qasm": "/*\n * Prepare a parameterized number of Bell pairs\n * and teleport a qubit using them.\n */\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n\nconst int[32] n_pairs = 10;  // number of teleportations to do\n\ndef bellprep(qubit[2] q) {\n  reset q;\n  h q[0];\n  cx q[0], q[1];\n}\n\ndef xprepare(qubit q) {\n  reset q;\n  h q;\n}\n\nqubit input_qubit;\nbit output_qubit;\nqubit[2*n_pairs] q;\n\nxprepare(input_qubit);\nrz(pi / 4) input_qubit;\n\nlet io = input_qubit;\nfor uint i in [0: n_pairs - 1] {\n  let bp = q[{2*i, 2*i + 1}];\n  bit[2] pf;\n  bellprep bp;\n  cx io, bp[0];\n  h io;\n  pf[0] = measure io;\n  pf[1] = measure bp[0];\n  if (pf[0]==1) z bp[1];\n  if (pf[1]==1) x bp[1];\n  let io = bp[1];\n}\n\nh io;\noutput_qubit = measure io;  // should get zero\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q101"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "spec/vqe.qasm",
      "qasm": "/*\n * Variational eigensolver example\n *\n * Goal is to estimate the energy for a fixed set of parameters.\n * The parameters are updated outside of this program and a new\n * OpenQASM circuit is generated for the next iteration.\n */\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n\nconst int[32] n = 10;         // number of qubits\nconst int[32] layers = 3;     // number of entangler layers\nconst int[32] prec = 16;      // precision of all types\nconst int[32] shots = 1000;   // number of shots per Pauli observable\n\n// Parameters could be written to local variables for this\n// iteration, but we will request them using extern functions\nextern get_parameter(uint[prec]) -> angle[prec];\nextern get_npaulis() -> uint[prec];\nextern get_pauli(int[prec]) -> bit[2 * n];\n\n// The energy calculation uses floating point division,\n// so we do that calculation in an extern function\nextern update_energy(int[prec], uint[prec], float[prec]) -> float[prec];\n\ngate entangler q { for uint i in [0:n-2] { cx q[i], q[i+1]; } }\ndef xmeasure(qubit q) -> bit { h q; return measure q; }\ndef ymeasure(qubit q) -> bit { s q; h q; return measure q; }\n\n/* Pauli measurement circuit.\n * The first n-bits of spec are the X component.\n * The second n-bits of spec are the Z component.\n */\ndef pauli_measurement(bit[2*n] spec, qubit[n] q) -> bit {\n  bit b = 0;\n  for uint[prec] i in [0: n - 1] {\n    bit temp;\n    if(spec[i]==1 && spec[n+i]==0) { temp = xmeasure(q[i]); }\n    if(spec[i]==0 && spec[n+i]==1) { temp = measure q[i]; }\n    if(spec[i]==1 && spec[n+i]==1) { temp = ymeasure(q[i]); }\n    b ^= temp;\n  }\n  return b;\n}\n\n// Circuit to prepare trial wave function\ndef trial_circuit(qubit[n] q) {\n  for int[prec] l in [0: layers - 1] {\n    for uint[prec] i in [0: n - 1] {\n      angle[prec] theta;\n      theta = get_parameter(l * layers + i);\n      ry(theta) q[i];\n    }\n    if(l != layers - 1) entangler q;\n  }\n}\n\n/* Apply VQE ansatz circuit and measure a Pauli operator\n * given by spec. Return the number of 1 outcomes.\n */\ndef counts_for_term(bit[2*n] spec, qubit[n] q) -> uint[prec] {\n  uint[prec] counts;\n  for uint i in [1: shots] {\n    bit b;\n    reset q;\n    trial_circuit q;\n    b = pauli_measurement(spec, q);\n    counts += int[1](b);\n  }\n  return counts;\n}\n\n// Estimate the expected energy\ndef estimate_energy(qubit[n] q) -> float[prec] {\n  float[prec] energy;\n  uint[prec] npaulis = get_npaulis();\n  for int[prec] t in [0:npaulis-1] {\n    bit[2*n] spec = get_pauli(t);\n    uint[prec] counts;\n    counts = counts_for_term(spec, q);\n    energy = update_energy(t, counts, energy);\n  }\n  return energy;\n}\n\nqubit[n] q;\nfloat[prec] energy;\n\nenergy = estimate_energy(q);\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q125"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/def.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n// Subroutines inlined: qubits by reference, classical arguments by value,\n// values returned.\nqubit[3] q;\ndef layer(qubit a, qubit b, float[64] t) { h a; cx a, b; rz(t) b; }\ndef half(float[64] x) -> float[64] { return x / 2; }\ndef twice(int[32] k) -> int[32] { return 2 * k; }\nlayer(q[0], q[1], half(pi / 2));\nlayer(q[1], q[2], pi / twice(4));\n",
      "expect": {
        "equivalent": "lang/def.ref.qasm",
        "exact": "ok"
      },
      "reference_qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[3] q;\nh q[0];\ncx q[0], q[1];\nrz(pi / 4) q[1];\nh q[1];\ncx q[1], q[2];\nrz(pi / 8) q[2];\n"
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/def_measure.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\n// Teleportation as a subroutine with bits of its own, fed forward, and a\n// subroutine whose returned measurement lands in the caller's bit.\nqubit[3] q;\nbit[1] r;\ndef teleport(qubit src, qubit mid, qubit dst) {\n  bit a;\n  bit b;\n  h mid;\n  cx mid, dst;\n  cx src, mid;\n  h src;\n  a = measure src;\n  b = measure mid;\n  if (b) x dst;\n  if (a) z dst;\n}\ndef read_out(qubit s) -> bit { return measure s; }\nx q[0];\nteleport(q[0], q[1], q[2]);\nr[0] = read_out(q[2]);\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "1"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/inv.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[2] q;\ngate g(a) x, y { h x; cx x, y; rz(a) y; s x; }\nh q[0];\nt q[1];\ninv @ g(0.3) q[0], q[1];\ninv @ sx q[1];\ninv @ U(0.1, 0.2, 0.3) q[0];\ninv @ iswap q[0], q[1];\n",
      "expect": {
        "equivalent": "lang/inv.ref.qasm"
      },
      "reference_qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[2] q;\nh q[0];\nt q[1];\n// g's gates inverted, in reverse order\nsdg q[0];\nrz(-0.3) q[1];\ncx q[0], q[1];\nh q[0];\n// sx = h s h\nh q[1];\nsdg q[1];\nh q[1];\n// U(θ, φ, λ) is rz(φ) ry(θ) rz(λ) up to a phase\nrz(-0.2) q[0];\nry(-0.1) q[0];\nrz(-0.3) q[0];\n// iswap = s, s, h, cx, cx, h\nh q[1];\ncx q[1], q[0];\ncx q[0], q[1];\nh q[0];\nsdg q[1];\nsdg q[0];\n"
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/pow.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[2] q;\ngate g a, b { h a; cx a, b; t b; }\npow(3) @ g q[0], q[1];\npow(-2) @ rx(0.4) q[0];\npow(4) @ t q[1];\npow(0) @ h q[0];\n",
      "expect": {
        "equivalent": "lang/pow.ref.qasm"
      },
      "reference_qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[2] q;\nh q[0]; cx q[0], q[1]; t q[1];\nh q[0]; cx q[0], q[1]; t q[1];\nh q[0]; cx q[0], q[1]; t q[1];\nrx(-0.8) q[0];\nz q[1];\n"
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/root.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[2] q;\nh q[0];\nh q[1];\npow(0.5) @ x q[0];\npow(0.5) @ z q[1];\npow(0.5) @ s q[0];\npow(0.25) @ rz(1.2) q[1];\npow(-0.5) @ x q[1];\npow(0.5) @ cz q[0], q[1];\n",
      "expect": {
        "equivalent": "lang/root.ref.qasm"
      },
      "reference_qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[2] q;\nh q[0];\nh q[1];\nsx q[0];\ns q[1];\nt q[0];\nrz(0.3) q[1];\nsxdg q[1];\ncp(pi / 2) q[0], q[1];\n"
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/ctrl_any.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\n// Controls on any gate: a rotation under two controls, and a negative control.\nqubit[3] q;\nx q[0];\nx q[1];\nctrl(2) @ ry(pi / 3) q[0], q[1], q[2];\nnegctrl @ x q[2], q[0];\n",
      "expect": {
        "distribution": {
          "010": 0.75,
          "111": 0.25
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/ctrl_user.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[2] q;\ngate g a { h a; t a; }\nh q[0];\nctrl @ g q[0], q[1];\nctrl @ rz(0.7) q[1], q[0];\nctrl @ U(0.1, 0.2, 0.3) q[0], q[1];\n",
      "expect": {
        "equivalent": "lang/ctrl_user.ref.qasm"
      },
      "reference_qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[2] q;\nh q[0];\nch q[0], q[1];\ncp(pi / 4) q[0], q[1];\ncrz(0.7) q[1], q[0];\n// ctrl @ U(θ, φ, λ) is cu(θ, φ, λ, θ/2): OpenQASM 3's U carries e^{iθ/2}.\ncu(0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.05) q[0], q[1];\n"
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/types.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\n// Classical types, arithmetic, casts and built-in functions, folded on reading.\nqubit q;\nconst float[64] half = 0.5;\nangle[3] quarter = pi / 2;\ncomplex[float[64]] z = 1.0 + 2.0im;\nuint[8] u = 250;\nu += 3;\nint[8] k = int[8](-3.7);\nconst bit[4] mask = \"1010\";\narray[int[32], 3] a = {1, 2, 3};\nrx(half * pi) q;\nrz(quarter) q;\nry(real(z * z)) q;\nrz(float(u) / 1000) q;\nrx(k) q;\nry(popcount(mask) + a[2]) q;\nrz(sqrt(4.0) + arctan(1.0) * 4 - pi) q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "equivalent": "lang/types.ref.qasm"
      },
      "reference_qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit q;\nrx(pi / 2) q;\nrz(pi / 2) q;\nry(-3.0) q;\nrz(0.253) q;\nrx(-3.0) q;\nry(5.0) q;\nrz(2.0) q;\n"
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/angle_round.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\n// An angle[4] holds 4 bits of a turn: pi/3 is held as 3/16 of a turn.\nqubit q;\nangle[4] t = pi / 3;\nh q;\nrz(t) q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "warns": [
          "Q121"
        ],
        "equivalent": "lang/angle_round.ref.qasm",
        "exact": "ok"
      },
      "reference_qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit q;\nh q;\nrz(3 * pi / 8) q;\n"
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/while_static.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[4] q;\nint i = 0;\nwhile (i < 4) {\n  h q[i];\n  i += 1;\n}\nint j = 3;\nwhile (true) {\n  if (j < 1) break;\n  x q[j];\n  j -= 2;\n}\n",
      "expect": {
        "equivalent": "lang/while_static.ref.qasm"
      },
      "reference_qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[4] q;\nh q[0];\nh q[1];\nh q[2];\nh q[3];\nx q[3];\nx q[1];\n"
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/while_rus.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\n// Repeat until success on measured bits, under a declared bound.\nqubit q;\nbit c;\nc = measure q;\[email protected]_iterations 3\nwhile (c == 0) {\n  x q;\n  c = measure q;\n}\n",
      "expect": {
        "warns": [
          "Q311"
        ],
        "deterministic": "1"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/while_unbounded.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit q;\nbit c;\nc = measure q;\nwhile (c == 0) {\n  x q;\n  c = measure q;\n}\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q310"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/switch.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[3] q;\nbit[3] c;\nconst int mode = 2;\nswitch (mode) {\n  case 1 { x q[0]; }\n  case 2, 3 { x q[1]; }\n  default { h q[0]; }\n}\nc[0] = measure q[1];\nc[1] = measure q[0];\nswitch (c[0:1]) {\n  case 0 { }\n  case 1 { x q[2]; }\n  case 2 { h q[2]; }\n  default { }\n}\nc[2] = measure q[2];\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "101"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/break_continue.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[8] q;\nfor int i in [0:7] {\n  if (i == 2) continue;\n  if (i == 5) break;\n  x q[i];\n}\n",
      "expect": {
        "equivalent": "lang/break_continue.ref.qasm"
      },
      "reference_qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[8] q;\nx q[0];\nx q[1];\nx q[3];\nx q[4];\n"
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/runtime_break.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\n// `break` on a measured bit: a jump forward past the rest of the loop.\nqubit q;\nqubit[3] t;\nbit c;\nbit[3] r;\nfor int i in [0:2] {\n  c = measure q;\n  if (c) break;\n  x t[i];\n  x q;\n}\nr = measure t;\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "0011"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/conditions.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\n// Comparisons, &&, || and ! on measured bits.\nqubit[3] p;\nqubit[3] t;\nbit[3] c;\nbit[3] r;\nx p[1];\nx p[2];\nc = measure p;\nif (c >= 6 && !c[0]) x t[0];\nif (c < 6 || c == 7) x t[1];\nif (c > 4 && c <= 6) x t[2];\nr = measure t;\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "101110"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/output.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[2] q;\noutput bit[2] c;\noutput int[32] n = 3;\noutput float[64] t = pi / 4;\nx q[1];\nc = measure q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "10",
        "outputs": [
          {
            "name": "c",
            "type": "bit[2]",
            "bits": [
              0,
              1
            ]
          },
          {
            "name": "n",
            "type": "int[32]",
            "value": 3
          },
          {
            "name": "t",
            "type": "float[64]",
            "value": 0.7853981633974483
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/timing.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\n// Durations carried, and labelled as not applied by the method.\nqubit[2] q;\nstretch s;\nduration d = 100ns;\nh q[0];\ndelay[2 * d] q[0];\nbox [1us] {\n  cx q[0], q[1];\n}\ndelay[s] q[1];\nbarrier q;\nx[20ns] q[1];\n",
      "expect": {
        "warns": [
          "Q403"
        ],
        "timing": true,
        "distribution": {
          "01": 0.5,
          "10": 0.5
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/calibration.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\n// Calibrations kept verbatim for export, never run.\ndefcalgrammar \"openpulse\";\ncal {\n  extern port d0;\n}\ndefcal x $0 {\n  play(d0, gaussian(1.0, 160dt, 40dt));\n}\nqubit q;\nh q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "warns": [
          "Q450",
          "Q451",
          "Q452"
        ],
        "calibrations": 3,
        "distribution": {
          "0": 0.5,
          "1": 0.5
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/stdgates.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\n// Every standard gate, once, after a layer that leaves no symmetry.\nqubit[3] q;\nU(0.31, 0.72, -0.4) q[0];\nU(1.13, -0.25, 0.9) q[1];\nU(2.07, 0.5, 0.33) q[2];\nCX q[0], q[1];\nCX q[1], q[2];\nU(0.6, 1.1, -0.7) q[0];\nid q[0];\nx q[0];\ny q[1];\nz q[2];\nh q[0];\ns q[1];\nsdg q[2];\nt q[0];\ntdg q[1];\nsx q[2];\nsxdg q[0];\nrx(0.41) q[1];\nry(-1.3) q[2];\nrz(0.77) q[0];\np(1.9) q[1];\nphase(0.2) q[2];\nu1(-0.6) q[0];\nu2(0.3, -1.2) q[1];\nu3(0.8, 0.1, 2.2) q[2];\nU(1.4, -0.9, 0.35) q[0];\ncx q[0], q[1];\nCX q[2], q[0];\ncy q[1], q[2];\ncz q[2], q[0];\nch q[0], q[2];\ncp(0.9) q[1], q[0];\ncphase(-1.1) q[2], q[1];\ncrx(0.6) q[0], q[1];\ncry(-0.8) q[1], q[2];\ncrz(1.7) q[2], q[0];\ncu(0.5, 0.25, -0.75, 0.4) q[0], q[2];\nswap q[1], q[2];\niswap q[0], q[1];\nrxx(0.45) q[1], q[2];\nryy(-0.65) q[0], q[2];\nrzz(1.25) q[0], q[1];\nccx q[0], q[1], q[2];\nccz q[2], q[0], q[1];\ncswap q[1], q[2], q[0];\n",
      "expect": {
        "equivalent": "lang/stdgates.ref.qasm"
      },
      "reference_qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\n// The same gates, each written in U and CX alone.\ngate d_x a { U(pi, 0, pi) a; }\ngate d_y a { U(pi, pi / 2, pi / 2) a; }\ngate d_z a { U(0, 0, pi) a; }\ngate d_h a { U(pi / 2, 0, pi) a; }\ngate d_s a { U(0, 0, pi / 2) a; }\ngate d_sdg a { U(0, 0, -pi / 2) a; }\ngate d_t a { U(0, 0, pi / 4) a; }\ngate d_tdg a { U(0, 0, -pi / 4) a; }\ngate d_p(l) a { U(0, 0, l) a; }\ngate d_rx(t) a { U(t, -pi / 2, pi / 2) a; }\ngate d_ry(t) a { U(t, 0, 0) a; }\ngate d_rz(t) a { U(0, 0, t) a; }\ngate d_sx a { d_h a; d_s a; d_h a; }\ngate d_sxdg a { d_h a; d_sdg a; d_h a; }\ngate d_cz a, b { d_h b; CX a, b; d_h b; }\ngate d_cy a, b { d_sdg b; CX a, b; d_s b; }\ngate d_ch a, b { d_h b; d_sdg b; CX a, b; d_h b; d_t b; CX a, b; d_t b; d_h b; d_s b; d_x b; d_s a; }\ngate d_cp(l) a, b { d_p(l / 2) a; CX a, b; d_p(-l / 2) b; CX a, b; d_p(l / 2) b; }\ngate d_crz(l) a, b { d_rz(l / 2) b; CX a, b; d_rz(-l / 2) b; CX a, b; }\ngate d_crx(l) a, b { d_p(pi / 2) b; CX a, b; U(-l / 2, 0, 0) b; CX a, b; U(l / 2, -pi / 2, 0) b; }\ngate d_cry(l) a, b { d_ry(l / 2) b; CX a, b; d_ry(-l / 2) b; CX a, b; }\ngate d_cu(t, f, l, g) a, b { d_p(g) a; d_p((l + f) / 2) a; d_p((l - f) / 2) b; CX a, b; U(-t / 2, 0, -(f + l) / 2) b; CX a, b; U(t / 2, f, 0) b; }\ngate d_swap a, b { CX a, b; CX b, a; CX a, b; }\ngate d_iswap a, b { d_s a; d_s b; d_h a; CX a, b; CX b, a; d_h b; }\ngate d_rzz(t) a, b { CX a, b; d_rz(t) b; CX a, b; }\ngate d_rxx(t) a, b { d_h a; d_h b; d_rzz(t) a, b; d_h a; d_h b; }\ngate d_ryy(t) a, b { d_rx(pi / 2) a; d_rx(pi / 2) b; d_rzz(t) a, b; d_rx(-pi / 2) a; d_rx(-pi / 2) b; }\ngate d_ccx a, b, c { d_h c; CX b, c; d_tdg c; CX a, c; d_t c; CX b, c; d_tdg c; CX a, c; d_t b; d_t c; d_h c; CX a, b; d_t a; d_tdg b; CX a, b; }\ngate d_ccz a, b, c { d_h c; d_ccx a, b, c; d_h c; }\ngate d_cswap a, b, c { CX c, b; d_ccx a, b, c; CX c, b; }\nqubit[3] q;\nU(0.31, 0.72, -0.4) q[0];\nU(1.13, -0.25, 0.9) q[1];\nU(2.07, 0.5, 0.33) q[2];\nCX q[0], q[1];\nCX q[1], q[2];\nU(0.6, 1.1, -0.7) q[0];\nd_x q[0];\nd_y q[1];\nd_z q[2];\nd_h q[0];\nd_s q[1];\nd_sdg q[2];\nd_t q[0];\nd_tdg q[1];\nd_sx q[2];\nd_sxdg q[0];\nd_rx(0.41) q[1];\nd_ry(-1.3) q[2];\nd_rz(0.77) q[0];\nd_p(1.9) q[1];\nd_p(0.2) q[2];\nd_p(-0.6) q[0];\nU(pi / 2, 0.3, -1.2) q[1];\nU(0.8, 0.1, 2.2) q[2];\nU(1.4, -0.9, 0.35) q[0];\nCX q[0], q[1];\nCX q[2], q[0];\nd_cy q[1], q[2];\nd_cz q[2], q[0];\nd_ch q[0], q[2];\nd_cp(0.9) q[1], q[0];\nd_cp(-1.1) q[2], q[1];\nd_crx(0.6) q[0], q[1];\nd_cry(-0.8) q[1], q[2];\nd_crz(1.7) q[2], q[0];\nd_cu(0.5, 0.25, -0.75, 0.4) q[0], q[2];\nd_swap q[1], q[2];\nd_iswap q[0], q[1];\nd_rxx(0.45) q[1], q[2];\nd_ryy(-0.65) q[0], q[2];\nd_rzz(1.25) q[0], q[1];\nd_ccx q[0], q[1], q[2];\nd_ccz q[2], q[0], q[1];\nd_cswap q[1], q[2], q[0];\n"
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/aliases.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[6] q;\nqubit r;\nlet evens = q[0:2:5];\nlet tail = q[-2:] ++ r;\nh evens;\nx tail;\ncx q[{1, 3}], q[{2, 4}];\n",
      "expect": {
        "equivalent": "lang/aliases.ref.qasm"
      },
      "reference_qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[6] q;\nqubit r;\nh q[0];\nh q[2];\nh q[4];\nx q[4];\nx q[5];\nx r;\ncx q[1], q[2];\ncx q[3], q[4];\n"
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/physical.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nh $0;\ncx $0, $1;\nrz(0.2) $2;\n",
      "expect": {
        "equivalent": "lang/physical.ref.qasm"
      },
      "reference_qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[3] q;\nh q[0];\ncx q[0], q[1];\nrz(0.2) q[2];\n"
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/gphase.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[2] q;\nh q;\ngphase(0.3);\nctrl @ gphase(0.7) q[0];\nnegctrl @ gphase(0.2) q[1];\n",
      "expect": {
        "equivalent": "lang/gphase.ref.qasm"
      },
      "reference_qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[2] q;\nh q;\np(0.7) q[0];\nx q[1];\np(0.2) q[1];\nx q[1];\n"
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/bits_known.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\n// A bit register set by a constant is known until a measurement writes it.\nqubit[2] q;\nbit[2] b = \"10\";\nif (b == 2) x q[0];\nif (b[0]) x q[1];\nb = measure q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "01"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/generator.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\ninput uint n;\nqubit[n] q;\nh q[0];\nfor uint i in [0:n-2] {\n  cx q[i], q[i + 1];\n}\n",
      "expect": {
        "inputs": {
          "n": 4
        },
        "distribution": {
          "0000": 0.5,
          "1111": 0.5
        },
        "exact": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/qasm2.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 2.0;\ninclude \"qelib1.inc\";\nqreg q[2];\ncreg c[2];\nu3(pi, 0, pi) q[0];\nu2(0, pi) q[1];\nu1(pi/2) q[1];\nCX q[0], q[1];\nmeasure q -> c;\n",
      "expect": {
        "distribution": {
          "01": 0.5,
          "11": 0.5
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/qasm2_if.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 2.0;\ninclude \"qelib1.inc\";\nqreg q[2];\ncreg c[2];\nx q[0];\nmeasure q -> c;\nif(c==1) x q[1];\nmeasure q[1] -> c[1];\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "11"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/exported.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.0;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\ngate rzx(_gate_p_0) _gate_q_0, _gate_q_1 {\n  h _gate_q_1;\n  cx _gate_q_0, _gate_q_1;\n  rz(_gate_p_0) _gate_q_1;\n  cx _gate_q_0, _gate_q_1;\n  h _gate_q_1;\n}\nbit[3] c;\nqubit[3] q;\nh q[0];\ncx q[0], q[1];\nrzx(1.5707963267948966) q[1], q[2];\nrzx(-1.5707963267948966) q[1], q[2];\ncx q[1], q[2];\nc[0] = measure q[0];\nc[1] = measure q[1];\nc[2] = measure q[2];\n",
      "expect": {
        "distribution": {
          "000": 0.5,
          "111": 0.5
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/refuse_root.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit q;\npow(0.5) @ U(0.1, 0.2, 0.3) q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q205"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/refuse_extern.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nextern f(int) -> int;\nqubit q;\nrz(f(1)) q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q125"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/refuse_runtime.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit q;\nbit c;\nc = measure q;\nint k = c;\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q306"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/refuse_durationof.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit q;\nduration d = durationof({ x q; });\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q405"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/refuse_opaque.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 2.0;\nqreg q[1];\nopaque g a;\ng q[0];\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q126"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/refuse_truncating.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit q;\nrz(1/2) q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q118"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/refuse_caret.qasm",
      "qasm": "qubit q;\nrz(2 ^ 3) q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q119"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/refuse_unknown_gate.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit q;\nfoo q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q103"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/exact_not_dyadic.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit q;\nh q;\nrz(pi / 3) q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "exact": "Q500",
        "distribution": {
          "0": 0.5,
          "1": 0.5
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "lang/exact_dynamic.qasm",
      "qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\nqubit[2] q;\nbit c;\nh q[0];\nc = measure q[0];\nif (c) x q[1];\n",
      "expect": {
        "exact": "Q502"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/bell_export.qasm",
      "qasm": "// A Bell pair as an OpenQASM 3 exporter writes it: the library included, bits\n// declared before qubits, each measurement on its own line.\nOPENQASM 3.0;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nbit[2] c;\nqubit[2] q;\nh q[0];\ncx q[0], q[1];\nc[0] = measure q[0];\nc[1] = measure q[1];\n",
      "expect": {
        "distribution": {
          "00": 0.5,
          "11": 0.5
        },
        "exact": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/ghz_physical.qasm",
      "qasm": "// A GHZ state on physical qubits, as a program laid out on a device is\n// exported: no qubit declared, `$n` named, a barrier before the measurements.\nOPENQASM 3.0;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nbit[3] meas;\nh $0;\ncx $0, $1;\ncx $1, $2;\nbarrier $0, $1, $2;\nmeas[0] = measure $0;\nmeas[1] = measure $1;\nmeas[2] = measure $2;\n",
      "expect": {
        "distribution": {
          "000": 0.5,
          "111": 0.5
        },
        "exact": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/exported_gates.qasm",
      "qasm": "// Gates outside stdgates.inc, defined in the program as an exporter defines\n// them, its parameter and qubit names generated. rzx(π/3) on |+⟩|0⟩ leaves\n// cos(π/6)|+⟩|0⟩ − i sin(π/6)|−⟩|1⟩: q[1] is 1 with probability 1/4, and\n// q[0] is 0 or 1 alike. sxdg written as s·h·s is rx(−π/2): q[2] is 1 with\n// probability 1/2. The exporter's `sxdg` is not the built-in one exactly (a\n// global phase apart), so the reader notes that its own definition runs.\nOPENQASM 3.0;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\ngate rzx(_gate_p_0) _gate_q_0, _gate_q_1 {\n  h _gate_q_1;\n  cx _gate_q_0, _gate_q_1;\n  rz(_gate_p_0) _gate_q_1;\n  cx _gate_q_0, _gate_q_1;\n  h _gate_q_1;\n}\ngate sxdg _gate_q_0 {\n  s _gate_q_0;\n  h _gate_q_0;\n  s _gate_q_0;\n}\nbit[3] c;\nqubit[3] q;\nh q[0];\nrzx(pi/3) q[0], q[1];\nsxdg q[2];\nc[0] = measure q[0];\nc[1] = measure q[1];\nc[2] = measure q[2];\n",
      "expect": {
        "warns": [
          "Q213"
        ],
        "distribution": {
          "000": 0.1875,
          "001": 0.1875,
          "010": 0.0625,
          "011": 0.0625,
          "100": 0.1875,
          "101": 0.1875,
          "110": 0.0625,
          "111": 0.0625
        },
        "exact": "Q500"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/phase_estimation.qasm",
      "qasm": "// Phase estimation of p(3π/4), whose eigenvalue on |1⟩ is e^{2πi·3/8}, with\n// three counting qubits: `ctrl @ pow(2**j) @` on a gate the program defines,\n// and the inverse of its own QFT with `inv @`. 3/8 is three bits exactly, so\n// every shot reads 3: k[0] and k[1] are 1, k[2] is 0.\nOPENQASM 3.1;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\ngate u_phase a { p(3 * pi / 4) a; }\ngate qft3 a, b, c {\n  h a;\n  cp(pi / 2) b, a;\n  cp(pi / 4) c, a;\n  h b;\n  cp(pi / 2) c, b;\n  h c;\n  swap a, c;\n}\nqubit[3] k;\nqubit t;\nbit[3] r;\nx t;\nh k;\nfor uint j in [0:2] {\n  ctrl @ pow(2 ** j) @ u_phase k[j], t;\n}\ninv @ qft3 k[2], k[1], k[0];\nr = measure k;\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "011",
        "exact": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/bernstein_vazirani.qasm",
      "qasm": "// Bernstein–Vazirani for the secret 0b1011, its oracle a subroutine over a\n// qubit register that reads the secret's bits on reading: every shot reads the\n// secret, r[i] its bit i.\nOPENQASM 3.1;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nconst uint[4] secret = 0b1011;\ndef oracle(qubit[4] x, qubit y) {\n  for uint i in [0:3] {\n    if (((secret >> i) & 1) == 1) {\n      cx x[i], y;\n    }\n  }\n}\nqubit[4] x;\nqubit y;\nbit[4] r;\nx y;\nh y;\nh x;\noracle(x, y);\nh x;\nr = measure x;\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "1011",
        "exact": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/grover_two_qubits.qasm",
      "qasm": "// Grover's search on two qubits for |11⟩: one iteration finds it on every shot.\n// The oracle and the diffusion each a controlled-Z written with `ctrl @`.\nOPENQASM 3.1;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nqubit[2] q;\nbit[2] c;\nh q;\nctrl @ z q[0], q[1];\nh q;\nx q;\nctrl @ z q[0], q[1];\nx q;\nh q;\nc = measure q;\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "11",
        "exact": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/teleport_feedforward.qasm",
      "qasm": "// Teleportation of ry(2π/3)|0⟩, its corrections conditioned on the two\n// measurements as an exporter writes them, each in a block. The teleported\n// qubit reads 1 with probability sin²(π/3) = 3/4 whatever the two measured\n// bits, which are 0 and 1 alike: P(out, m[1], m[0]) is 3/16 for out = 1 and\n// 1/16 for out = 0. The outcome is out, m[1], m[0], highest bit first.\nOPENQASM 3.0;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nbit[2] m;\nbit[1] out;\nqubit[3] q;\nry(2*pi/3) q[0];\nh q[1];\ncx q[1], q[2];\ncx q[0], q[1];\nh q[0];\nm[0] = measure q[0];\nm[1] = measure q[1];\nif (m[1]) {\n  x q[2];\n}\nif (m[0]) {\n  z q[2];\n}\nout[0] = measure q[2];\n",
      "expect": {
        "distribution": {
          "000": 0.0625,
          "001": 0.0625,
          "010": 0.0625,
          "011": 0.0625,
          "100": 0.1875,
          "101": 0.1875,
          "110": 0.1875,
          "111": 0.1875
        },
        "exact": "Q502"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/switch_feedforward.qasm",
      "qasm": "// A switch on a measured register, as an exporter writes it: q[2] is flipped\n// when the register reads 1 or 2. Each register value has probability 1/4.\nOPENQASM 3.0;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nbit[2] c;\nbit[1] d;\nqubit[3] q;\nh q[0];\nh q[1];\nc[0] = measure q[0];\nc[1] = measure q[1];\nswitch (c) {\n  case 0 {\n  }\n  case 1, 2 {\n    x q[2];\n  }\n  default {\n  }\n}\nd[0] = measure q[2];\n",
      "expect": {
        "distribution": {
          "000": 0.25,
          "101": 0.25,
          "110": 0.25,
          "011": 0.25
        },
        "exact": "Q502"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/repeat_until_success.qasm",
      "qasm": "// Repeat until success, bounded as the reader requires: the first try and at\n// most three more each succeed with probability 1/2, so the run ends with\n// c[0] = 1 with probability 1 − 1/16, and is cut with c[0] = 0 with 1/16.\nOPENQASM 3.1;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nqubit[1] q;\nbit[1] c;\nh q[0];\nc[0] = measure q[0];\[email protected]_iterations 3\nwhile (c[0] == 0) {\n  reset q[0];\n  h q[0];\n  c[0] = measure q[0];\n}\n",
      "expect": {
        "warns": [
          "Q311"
        ],
        "distribution": {
          "1": 0.9375,
          "0": 0.0625
        },
        "exact": "Q502"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/loops_export.qasm",
      "qasm": "// Loops as an exporter writes them: an untyped loop variable over a range\n// (both ends included), and a typed one whose value is an angle's factor.\n// rx(π/12) four times is rx(π/3): q[0] reads 1 with probability 1/4; ry by\n// π/12, 2π/12 and 3π/12 is ry(π/2): q[1] reads 1 with probability 1/2.\nOPENQASM 3.0;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nbit[2] c;\nqubit[2] q;\nfor _loop_i_0 in [0:3] {\n  rx(pi/12) q[0];\n}\nfor uint i in [1:3] {\n  ry(i * pi / 12) q[1];\n}\nc[0] = measure q[0];\nc[1] = measure q[1];\n",
      "expect": {
        "distribution": {
          "00": 0.375,
          "01": 0.125,
          "10": 0.375,
          "11": 0.125
        },
        "exact": "Q500"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/qasm2_export.qasm",
      "qasm": "// An OpenQASM 2 program as exporters write it: qelib1.inc's u2, u1 and cu1,\n// and every qubit measured at once. u2(0,π) is a Hadamard; with q[1] in |1⟩,\n// cu1(π) kicks a phase of −1 back onto q[0], which the second Hadamard turns\n// to |1⟩. rx(π/3) leaves q[2] reading 1 with probability 1/4.\nOPENQASM 2.0;\ninclude \"qelib1.inc\";\nqreg q[3];\ncreg c[3];\nu2(0,pi) q[0];\nx q[1];\ncu1(pi) q[0],q[1];\nu2(0,pi) q[0];\nrx(pi/3) q[2];\nmeasure q -> c;\n",
      "expect": {
        "distribution": {
          "011": 0.75,
          "111": 0.25
        },
        "exact": "Q500"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/qasm2_qelib1_gates.qasm",
      "qasm": "// qelib1.inc's gates past the table of standard gates, called without being\n// defined, as OpenQASM 2 exporters write them. With q[0], q[1] and q[2] set:\n// c3x sets q[3]; c4x then sets q[4]; csx twice is cx, which clears q[3];\n// c3sqrtx twice is c3x, which clears q[4]; rccx flips q[4] as ccx does (with\n// a phase); u0 is an idle. Every shot reads q[4..0] = 1, 0, 1, 1, 1.\nOPENQASM 2.0;\ninclude \"qelib1.inc\";\nqreg q[5];\ncreg c[5];\nx q[0];\nx q[1];\nx q[2];\nc3x q[0],q[1],q[2],q[3];\nc4x q[0],q[1],q[2],q[3],q[4];\ncsx q[0],q[3];\ncsx q[0],q[3];\nc3sqrtx q[0],q[1],q[2],q[4];\nc3sqrtx q[0],q[1],q[2],q[4];\nrccx q[0],q[1],q[4];\nu0(1) q[2];\nmeasure q -> c;\n",
      "expect": {
        "deterministic": "10111",
        "exact": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/library_written_out.qasm",
      "qasm": "// stdgates.inc's own definitions of x, h, ry and u3, written into the program\n// under other names and used under `ctrl @`: the global phases each writes\n// with `U` and `gphase` are the ones the library's gates carry, so each is the\n// library's controlled gate (the reference writes cx, ch, cry and cu).\nOPENQASM 3.1;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\ngate my_x a { U(π, 0, π) a; gphase(-π/2);}\ngate my_h a { U(π/2, 0, π) a; gphase(-π/4);}\ngate my_ry(θ) a { U(θ, 0, 0) a; gphase(-θ/2);}\ngate my_u3(θ, φ, λ) q { gphase(-(φ+λ+θ)/2); U(θ, φ, λ) q; }\nqubit[3] q;\nh q[0];\nry(0.9) q[1];\nrx(-0.4) q[2];\nctrl @ my_x q[0], q[1];\nctrl @ my_h q[1], q[2];\nctrl @ my_ry(0.7) q[2], q[0];\nctrl @ my_u3(0.3, 0.5, 0.7) q[0], q[2];\n",
      "expect": {
        "equivalent": "import/library_written_out.ref.qasm"
      },
      "reference_qasm": "OPENQASM 3.1;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nqubit[3] q;\nh q[0];\nry(0.9) q[1];\nrx(-0.4) q[2];\ncx q[0], q[1];\nch q[1], q[2];\ncry(0.7) q[2], q[0];\n// u3(θ, φ, λ) is e^{−i(φ+λ)/2} times cu's U: γ = −0.6.\ncu(0.3, 0.5, 0.7, -0.6) q[0], q[2];\n"
    },
    {
      "file": "import/refuse_readonly_write.qasm",
      "qasm": "// A subroutine that writes its `readonly` array argument: the argument is a\n// reference to the caller's array, which a `readonly` one may not change.\nOPENQASM 3.1;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\ndef scale(readonly array[int[8], #dim = 1] a) {\n  a[0] = 2 * a[0];\n}\narray[int[8], 2] weights = {1, 2};\nqubit[1] q;\nscale(weights);\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q131"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/refuse_define_u.qasm",
      "qasm": "// `U` is the language's own gate, not one a program defines.\nOPENQASM 3.1;\ngate U(a, b, c) q { }\nqubit[1] q;\nU(0, 0, 0) q[0];\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q106"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/refuse_unbound_parameter.qasm",
      "qasm": "// A parameter as an exporter declares one, given no value: the reader alone\n// gives an `input float` none, and a job binds it with `params`.\nOPENQASM 3.0;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\ninput float[64] theta;\nbit[1] c;\nqubit[1] q;\nrx(theta) q[0];\nc[0] = measure q[0];\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q115"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/refuse_unbounded_while.qasm",
      "qasm": "// A loop on a measured bit as an exporter writes it, with no bound: it is not\n// known to end, so the reader asks for `@wai.max_iterations N`.\nOPENQASM 3.0;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nbit[1] c;\nqubit[1] q;\nh q[0];\nc[0] = measure q[0];\nwhile (c[0] == false) {\n  h q[0];\n  c[0] = measure q[0];\n}\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q310"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/refuse_measured_arithmetic.qasm",
      "qasm": "// A measured register's value used in arithmetic at run time: the steps branch\n// on measured bits and hold no other run-time value.\nOPENQASM 3.1;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nqubit[2] q;\nbit[2] c;\nh q;\nc = measure q;\nint[8] k = 2 * int[8](c);\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q306"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/refuse_angle_from_measurement.qasm",
      "qasm": "// A gate angle that depends on a measurement: it is needed on reading.\nOPENQASM 3.1;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nqubit[2] q;\nbit[1] c;\nh q[0];\nc[0] = measure q[0];\nrx(pi * float(int[1](c))) q[1];\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q306"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/refuse_overflow.qasm",
      "qasm": "// Integer arithmetic past its type's range is refused rather than wrapped, so\n// an overflow is seen.\nOPENQASM 3.1;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nqubit[1] q;\nint[8] k = 127;\nk += 1;\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q112"
      }
    },
    {
      "file": "import/refuse_register_condition.qasm",
      "qasm": "// A bit register of several bits as a condition: compare it with a number.\nOPENQASM 3.1;\ninclude \"stdgates.inc\";\nqubit[2] q;\nbit[2] c;\nh q;\nc = measure q;\nif (c) x q[0];\n",
      "expect": {
        "refused": "Q303"
      }
    }
  ]
}