open-standards/wai/extensions/quantum-ops.md

# WAI Extension: Quantum-Operations Attestation (`wai.quantum.calibration` · `wai.quantum.job`)

Status: **Draft.** Engine: `wai-rs/src/quantum_ops.rs` (feature `quantum_ops`).
The **verify-half** of WAI (`wai.asset.provenance`'s lineage, specialized) applied
to the quantum processing industry.

## 0. The gap this closes

Every quantum-control stack in the field — Q-CTRL, QuantrolOx, Qruise, Quantum
Machines, Qblox, Zurich Instruments, OrangeQS, QuEL, Origin, Conductor, Classiq —
emits the same three **unsigned** things: an HDF5 dataset, a JSON state snapshot,
and a dashboard/log. Not one **signs**, **content-addresses**, **ports**, or
**meters the joules** of a single operation. The industry already reaches for
reproducibility (QM's `__package_versions__`, QBOM bills-of-materials, QCIVET
hash-chained audit traces, "Vibe Calibration" internal audit records) but stops
exactly short of two axes:

1. **cryptographic signature + portability** — a receipt a *third party* verifies,
   not a mutable vendor-cloud dashboard;
2. **measured joules** — every stack sits on a kW-scale dilution fridge + control
   racks, yet none emits joules-per-calibration or joules-per-job.

This extension is those two axes. It is not a control system and **runs no
hardware**: the calibration/job is performed by the sink's control stack, exactly
as WAI dispatches a decode to a sink's codec. WAI owns the **receipt**.

## 1. Two receipts, cross-linked

### `wai.quantum.calibration` — `CalibrationReceipt`

A signed record of one bring-up / tune-up run:

- `device_id`, `target` (`"q3"`, `"cz(q3,q4)"`, `"readout:q3"`)
- `config_hash` — content hash of the applied pulse/gate config
- `evidence[]` — each an `{kind, blob_hash, summary}`: a benchmark outcome
  (RB / T1·T2 / Rabi / readout-GMM) **content-addressed to its raw dataset bytes**,
  so a fidelity *claim* binds to the exact bytes that produced it
  (`evidence_matches()`) — checkable, not asserted
- `joules_micro` — measured energy of the run (attested), with its acquisition
  class as an optional signed label: `quantum_energy::Labelled` wraps any
  receipt here and re-signs it with the class inside the signature, and
  `LabelledQbom` labels a bill of materials per entry
  ([energy-measurement](energy-measurement.md) §2.8). An unlabelled receipt
  keeps its legacy bytes.
- `grant` — the authorization (below)
- `parent_receipt_hash` — the prior device state this supersedes: the signed
  "digital twin" lineage vendors keep only as mutable, unsigned data

`merkle_root` covers `[config_hash] ++ evidence leaves`; one Ed25519 signature
covers the whole payload.

### `wai.quantum.job` — `JobReceipt`

A signed record of one dispatched circuit:

- `backend_id` — which QPU/sim actually ran it (`"ionq:aria-1"`, `"wai.quantum.circuit"`)
- `circuit_hash`, `result_hash` (counts histogram / statevector), `shots`
- **`calibration_ref`** — the `CalibrationReceipt::receipt_hash` of the device
  state the job ran under. `verify_against_calibration(cal)` confirms the job
  names *that* calibration and both verify — the QCIVET **"the claimed calibration
  was actually in effect"** property, signed. `None` for a simulator.
- `joules_micro`, `grant`, `parent_receipt_hash`

## 2. The grant — gate ⊗ meter ⊗ receipt in one object

`GrantRef` = **capability ⊗ joule-ceiling** (⊗ optional funds-ceiling, JCP §4.8
dual ceiling). The full grant lives in the JCP layer; the receipt binds its content
hash plus the ceilings it enforces.

The enforcement is the sharp part: **the joule ceiling is checked inside
`verify()`.** A receipt whose measured `joules_micro` exceeds its grant ceiling is
**not valid** — an operation that blew its energy grant *cannot produce a passing
receipt*. This is the whole portfolio thesis (gate, meter, receipt) collapsed into
a single verifiable object. `honors_budget()` exposes the check on its own; a
grant with `joule_ceiling_micro = u64::MAX` opts out (still signs everything else).

## 3. Conformance

- A **conforming producer** (a control stack, or an adapter over one — see §5)
  MUST seal a `CalibrationReceipt` per calibration run and a `JobReceipt` per
  dispatched job, with `joules_micro` a **measured** figure (never fabricated;
  `0`/unbounded if genuinely unmetered) and every hash the real content hash.
- A **conforming verifier** MUST accept a receipt iff `verify()` passes — Merkle
  root recomputes, joules within the grant ceiling, signature valid — and, for a
  job that claims a calibration state, `verify_against_calibration()` passes.
- Receipts are **portable**: JSON with hex hashes (`to_json`/`from_json`),
  verifiable with only the public key. No vendor cloud required.

## 4. What this is NOT

- **Not a control system, not a simulator, not a calibration ML.** It attests
  operations others perform. The physical control electronics and the ML tuning
  models are the dispatched **backend** — WAI's founding "don't reinvent, dispatch"
  philosophy (SPEC Appendix B), applied to quantum control.
- **Not a reconstruction.** `joules_micro` and the result are *attested* (only the
  signer can vouch for their own silicon's energy draw); the hashes, Merkle root,
  grant ceiling, and cross-link are *verifiable* by anyone. The receipt states
  plainly which half is which.

## 5. Integration (where it attaches)

The natural attach point is the **control-system → cloud boundary**: the moment a
calibration node or a job completes, the control system already holds everything a
receipt needs (config, evidence datasets, result, timing, backend identity), and
the power rails are already instrumented — so adding a signature + a joule figure
is *incremental*. Ranked open-source insertion points:

1. **Quantify** (`quantify-core`) — one HDF5-write chokepoint, co-owned by Qblox +
   OrangeQS: one adapter covers two vendors (Phase 1 target).
2. **OrangeQS Juice** — open lab-OS whose Task-Management + DB layer is a natural
   control plane; production chip-testing, where a signed pass/fail has direct
   commercial value.
3. **QUAlibrate/QUAM** — largest install base; the per-node boundary + the existing
   `__package_versions__` hook upgrade cleanly to a signed, metered receipt.
4. **Qubex/qube-calib** (QuEL) — fully open, clean `CalibrationNote` artifact.

Adoptability is openness-first: Japan (QuEL/OQTOPUS), India (NQM), Korea (SDT/
NVQLink, Norma/PQC), and the Western merchant vendors (receipt as an anti-lock-in
feature). Sovereign closed champions are parallel, not addressable.

## 6. The unclaimed metric

"Joules per verified calibration" and "joules per QPU job" are unmeasured and
unclaimed across the entire field. This extension is the object that carries them —
signed, portable, content-addressed, and grant-bounded.